I. Introduction
This journal explains and teaches the fundamental characteristics of microphones from response to directionality. Also the range, measure, size, ect. The response of the microphone should be flat. It should have a 2 dB vibration the range between the fundamental frequency of voice and the component of interest. The noise level in the microphone is recommended to 15 dB lower than the level of phonations. The limit of the dynamic range of the microphone should be higher than the level of phonations. These recommendations should give you the basis for accuracy and repeatability of studies on voice and speech production in the future.
II. Development
The development of the microphones has been an interesting and complex historical process. The term microphone was accepted in 1827 by a man name Charles Wheatstone. The first microphone was first use as a telephone transmitter back in the 1876 and Emile Berliner is given credit for it. She sold the first microphone to the Bell Company for 50,000. The invention was a great step foe the communication channels and for the telephony. It was a major success and a breakthrough in the communication field. David Edward took all that was done by Emile and invented a carbon microphone in 1878. For more than 30 years this new invention was developed with a good sound quality and smaller sizes. Radio broadcasting microphones were developed parallel with the radio technology one. In 1942 the ribbon microphone was mainly use in radio broadcasting. The electrets microphone was the next major invention, created by the Bell Laboratories.
III. Bibliography
Besides transmitting sound to distance, Charles Wheatstone gave his new instrument of feeble sounds the name of microphone. It was made of two slender rods, which gave out the vibrations to both ears, and it was quite different from the electrical microphone. Wheatstone was born near Gloucester. His father was a music seller in town. At an early age he started translating French poetry and writing songs. He married on February 12, 1847, at Marylebone. His wife died in 1866, leaving five children to his care. He was knighted in 1868, after achieving his goal, to great an automatic telegraph. While a visit to Paris, he got a cold and later his lungs were inflamed, which got him to an end on October 19, 1875.
IV. Impact on Humans
By the end of the 19th century, microphones were used by radio, film industry, and sound recording companies. It continued been popular after its introduction in 1930. After been tested, microphones proved to be much powerful and industry had to convert to electrical technology in order to compete with one another. It’s able to render the human voices and the instruments sounds. By 1920, the impact of microphone in the music worlds was both subtle and profound. It became so important to the degree of becoming naturalized and its effects rendered invisible.
V. Article
Microphones are devices that convert mechanical energy to electrical waves. This device is part of our everyday life. They are often used in telephones, radio and television. Communication systems use carbon, ceramic or dynamic microphones because of the low cost and their versatility. The first telephone transmitter by Alexander Graham was invented in 1876. It was a liquid device and not very practical. In 1886, Thomas Edison invented the first carbon microphone which was use in radio and telephone transmitters until 1970s when it got replace by piezoelectric ceramic. Microphones are made of different raw materials. Permanent magnets are made of neodymium iron boron compound. The voice coil and cable are made from copper wire. And the case is usually made from aluminum sheet and plastic.
VI. References
Guidelines for Selecting Microphones for Human Voice Production Research -- Svec and Granqvist 19 (4): 356 -- American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. (n.d.). American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from http://ajslp.asha.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/356
Charles Wheatstone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone
How microphone is made - material, history, used, parts, industry, machine, History, Raw Materials, Design, The Manufacturing Process of microphone, Quality Control, By products/Waste. (n.d.). How Products Are Made. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Microphone.html#ixzz1EdqEL4p2
Invention of the microphone.. (n.d.). Wireless microphone, computer microphones, headset, condenser & other mics. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from http://www.the-microphone-guide.com/invention-of-the-microphone.html
Shepherd, J. (n.d.). Continuum encyclopedia of popular ... - Google Books. Google Books. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from http://books.google.com/books?id=pJvzEzjahkQC&pg=PA246&lpg
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